{"id":10810,"date":"2023-04-20T11:33:36","date_gmt":"2023-04-20T10:33:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ascoturisme.net\/?p=10810"},"modified":"2024-02-21T14:41:57","modified_gmt":"2024-02-21T13:41:57","slug":"pontoners","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ascoturisme.cat\/fr\/2023\/04\/20\/pontoners\/","title":{"rendered":"Bateliers"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

L\u2019offensive r\u00e9publicaine sur le front de l\u2019\u00c8bre, l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 1938, fut une op\u00e9ration militaire complexe. Une fois le passage de l\u2019infanterie consolid\u00e9, c\u2019\u00e9tait au tour des pontoners (bateliers) de construire les diff\u00e9rents moyens de passage sur le fleuve, afin de permettre la communication entre les deux rives de l\u2019\u00c8bre. Leur mission \u00e9tait fondamentale : permettre le passage de l\u2019armement lourd et en m\u00eame temps faciliter l\u2019\u00e9vacuation des combattants bless\u00e9s. Les unit\u00e9s charg\u00e9es d\u2019atteindre cette mission \u00e9taient appel\u00e9es \u201cBatall\u00f3 de Pontoners N\u00famero 1\u201d (bataillon de bateliers num\u00e9ro 1), qui se sont consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019installation de moyens de passage l\u00e9gers tels que les passerelles d\u2019infanterie et les ponts d\u2019avant-garde, et le \u201cBatall\u00f3 de Ponts Pesats N\u00famero 3\u201d (Bataillon de Ponts Lourds Num\u00e9ro 3), qui s\u2019est consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction de ponts en m\u00e9tal lourd et en bois. Leur travail a constamment \u00e9t\u00e9 interrompu par la conjonction de deux pratiques de Franco : une action de bombardement a\u00e9rien massif et l\u2019impact d\u00e9vastateur des crues provoqu\u00e9es par l\u2019ouverture des \u00e9cluses des r\u00e9servoirs pyr\u00e9n\u00e9ens. Cette proc\u00e9dure aboutit \u00e0 une destruction momentan\u00e9e des ponts et \u00e0 l\u2019arr\u00eat de l\u2019offensive r\u00e9publicaine. Cependant, tout au long de la bataille, les pontoners ont maintenu les ponts op\u00e9rationnels et une circulation permanente sur le fleuve.<\/p>\n

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L\u2019ancien passage de bateaux d\u2019Asc\u00f3 fut un espace important, puisque une \u00e9cluse y \u00e9tait install\u00e9e. Il s\u2019agissait d\u2019une barge, un bac fluvial, qui a permis aux forces r\u00e9publicaines de communiquer d\u00e8s les premiers instants de l\u2019offensive, lorsque les pontoners (bateliers) n\u2019avaient pas encore construit les ponts ou lorsqu\u2019ils \u00e9taient d\u00e9truits. Au m\u00eame endroit, d\u00e9but janvier 1939, lors de l\u2019offensive de Franco pour occuper la Catalogne, les forces des pontoners (bateliers) de Franco y ont install\u00e9 un pont de bateaux.<\/p>\n

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Un autre endroit autour d\u2019Asc\u00f3 qui fut important pour la communication entre les deux rives est la zone des Reguers. C\u2019est ici que les pontoners (bateliers) r\u00e9publicains ont construit un lourd pont en bois, qui est rest\u00e9 op\u00e9rationnel pendant les premiers jours de la Bataille de l\u2019\u00c8bre.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Imatge 1: Pontoners republicans muntant una passera a la desembocadura del riu de la Torre de l\u2019Espanyol amb l\u2019Ebre. Font: (Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives).<\/em><\/b><\/p>\n

Imatge 2: Pontoners republicans facilitant el tr\u00e0nsit mitjan\u00e7ant la comporta, la barcassa d\u2019Asc\u00f3. Font: Archives Historiques du Parti communiste d\u2019Espagne (Archivo Hist\u00f3rico del PCE, en espagnol).<\/em><\/b><\/p>\n

Imatge 3: El pont pesat de fusta constru\u00eft pels pontoners republicans a la zona dels Reguers a Asc\u00f3. Aquest mitj\u00e0 de pas fou destru\u00eft pels impactes de l\u2019aviaci\u00f3 franquista. Font: (<\/em>Archivo Hist\u00f3rico del PCE).<\/em><\/b><\/p>\n

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